The demobilisation, disarmament and reintegration (DDR) of 500,000 ex-combatants and their families set out in the Luena Memorandum of Understanding of 2002 has almost been completed. Imogen Parsons questions how far the DDR process, crucial for lasting peace, reflects the government’s military and political dominance rather than the needs of the ex-combatants themselves. The article examines…